Heart Smart
Navigating preventive medicine for a stronger, healthier heart
By Dr. Rena Daiza & Dr. Paul Nona
Heart disease has consistently been the leading cause of death in the United States for several decades. As a primary care physician deeply invested in patient well-being, I’ve seen the toll it takes on patients. But here is the good news: preventive measures can truly make a difference. In this article, I’ll be chatting with cardiologist Dr. Paul Nona to discuss why preventing heart disease matters and share some easy strategies for keeping our hearts healthy. Join us as we explain how looking after our hearts can lead to a happier and longer life.
Dr. Daiza: What is preventive cardiology, and why is it crucial for heart health?
Dr. Nona: Preventive cardiology focuses on spotting and tackling heart disease risks before they become serious issues. By making lifestyle changes and catching problems early, we aim to keep hearts healthier for longer and provide patients with a better quality of life.
Dr. Daiza: How do lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise impact heart health?
Dr. Nona: Diet and exercise are key for heart health. A balanced diet low in saturated fats, cholesterol, and sodium, and high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins and regular aerobic exercise can help maintain healthy cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and weight, all of which are crucial for a healthy heart.
Dr. Daiza: What are the primary risk factors for heart disease, and how can individuals manage them?
Dr. Nona: To keep your heart in good shape, it’s important to manage risk factors like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, obesity, and an unhealthy diet. Lifestyle changes, like eating well and staying active, can make a big difference.
As a cardiologist, I work closely with my patients to develop personalized treatment plans that not only target their cardiovascular health but also support their overall well-being.
Dr. Daiza: What role do screenings and tests play in assessing heart health, and when should individuals consider them?
Dr. Nona: Screenings and tests are vital components in assessing heart health. These assessments encompass a range of procedures, including blood pressure measurement, cholesterol level checks, electrocardiograms (ECG), stress tests, and various imaging studies such as echocardiograms or CT scans.
One particularly important screening method is coronary calcium scoring, which evaluates the amount of calcium buildup in the coronary arteries. This test helps identify individuals at higher risk of coronary artery disease and can guide preventive measures and treatment strategies. Individuals should consider undergoing these screenings and tests as part of their routine health check-ups, particularly if they have risk factors for heart disease.
Dr. Daiza: What are some key warning signs of heart problems, and when should someone seek medical attention?
Dr. Nona: Warning signs of heart issues include chest pain on exertion, shortness of breath, and fatigue. Swelling in the legs and difficulty lying flat can suggest a weak heart. If you experience these symptoms, it’s important to seek medical help immediately.
Dr. Daiza: How does stress affect heart health, and what are some effective stress management techniques?
Dr. Nona: Chronic stress can elevate blood pressure, putting additional strain on the heart. Prolonged stress triggers the release of stress hormones which can lead to arterial stiffness, worsening blood pressure.
Additionally, chronic stress promotes inflammation throughout the body, including within the walls of blood vessels. Persistent inflammation contributes to the development of the buildup of plaque in the arteries, which can ultimately lead to heart attacks and strokes.
Dr. Daiza: Are there any medications or supplements that can help prevent heart disease?
Dr. Nona: Several medications can help prevent heart disease, including statins to lower cholesterol, antihypertensive drugs to control blood pressure, anti-platelet medications to prevent blood clots, and medications to manage diabetes. Some supplements, such as omega-3 fatty acids and certain vitamins like vitamin D, may also have cardiovascular benefits, but individuals should consult with their healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen.
Dr. Daiza: What advice do you have for individuals looking to proactively protect their heart health, especially those with a family history of heart disease?
Dr. Nona: The key to good cardiac health is mainly in establishing regular care with a primary care provider or cardiologist you trust. By having regular check-ups and open communication with your doctor, you can take steps to protect your heart.
Many of my patients express concerns about their own heart health based on their relatives’ experiences. In such cases, we conduct comprehensive tests to assess their risk factors. The goal is to provide a thorough assessment and personalized care to help patients manage their overall health.
Dr. Daiza: What are some other ways to prevent heart disease?
Dr. Nona: If you’re at risk for heart disease, prioritizing immediate lifestyle changes is essential. These changes should focus on adopting a healthier diet and increasing physical activity each week. Reduce intake of red meat, carbohydrates, and processed foods, opting instead for lean protein sources like chicken and fish, along with plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables. Additionally, quitting tobacco products is crucial, especially if you currently use them. Whether it’s cigarettes, vapes, or any other form, these products significantly increase the risk of heart disease. Shockingly, 25 percent of cardiovascular disease-related deaths are directly linked to smoking. Tobacco use poses a substantial threat not only to overall health but particularly to heart health.
Dr. Daiza: Is there anything else you’d like patients to know?
Dr. Nona: As I always say, it’s easier to be proactive than reactive, because there are times when you can’t even react until something bad happens. Having a reliable physician is crucial not only for longevity but also for maintaining optimal health.
Understanding and addressing heart disease and its risk factors early is essential for our well-being. By prioritizing preventive measures and making healthy choices now, we empower ourselves to protect our hearts and enjoy longer, healthier lives.
Dr. Paul Nona is a board-certified cardiologist who manages a diverse range of cardiac and vascular conditions. With an emphasis on preventive care, he is dedicated to treating existing cardiac issues while proactively addressing and mitigating potential health risks. Dr. Nona sees patients in both Livonia and Brighton and is affiliated with Trinity Health, a mission-driven innovative health organization committed to serving communities guided by the spirit of the Gospel.